Tuesday, October 7, 2014

Thanatophoric dysplasia



Thanatophoric Dysplasia(TD)



: is the most common form of skeletal dysplasia( severe skeletal disorder) , lethal in the neonatal period .

Characterized by:  extremely short limbs, folds of extra skin on the arms and legs, a narrow chest, short ribs, underdeveloped lungs, and an enlarged head with a large forehead and prominent, wide-spaced eyes.

Type I thanatophoric dysplasia: presence of curved thigh bones and flattened bones of the spine (platyspondyly). 

Type II thanatophoric dysplasia:  straight thigh bones and a moderate to severe skull abnormality called a cloverleaf skull.

cause: 

Mutations in the FGFR3 gene (the short-arm of chromosome 4)

 FGFR3 gene: encoded Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 protein in human. It is involved in the development and maintenance of bone and brain tissue. Mutations in this gene cause the FGFR3 protein to be overly active, which leads to the severe disturbances in bone growth that are characteristic of thanatophoric dysplasia.

FGFR3 protein is part of the tyrosine kinase receptor family. FGFR3 is a negative regulator of bone growth.

Thanatophoric dysplasia initiate by sending negative signals to the cartilage cells .These signals occur when ligand binding within the chondrocytes induces receptor homodimerization and heterodimerization. As aresult, activation of tyrosine kinase function potentiates many effects on cell growth and differentiation.








http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/949591-overview#a0104
http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/thanatophoric-dysplasia

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